世界上有千千万万种动物,而每种动物都有区别自身组织和异体组织的能力。保护“自身”,排斥“异己”,这是各种动物得以生存和繁衍的基本原则。例如,将海生低等动物“海绵”切碎后,它可以自行集结成团,但是它从不集结异体物质;哺乳类动物的细胞也有同类相亲的现象。这种识别自身和异己的能力,是所有动物都具有的免疫反应的结果。 There are thousands of animals in the world, and each animal has the ability to distinguish between its own tissues and allogeneic tissues. Protecting “oneself” and excluding “alienated people” is the basic principle that various animals can survive and multiply. For example, after the “sponge” of lowland marine animals is shredded, it can self-assemble into clusters, but it never collects allogeneic material; mammalian cells also have the same kind of blind date. This ability to recognize oneself and another is the result of the immune response that all animals have.