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目的了解2013-2014年福建泉州地区手足口病(HFMD)的病原学特征,为手足口病防治提供科学依据。方法采集2013-2014年泉州市妇幼保健院·儿童医院收治的3 839例手足口病患儿空腹静脉血标本,采用捕获法酶联免疫吸附技术检测肠道病毒71型(EV71-Ig M)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CA16-Ig M)。结果 3 839例被检标本共检测出阳性标本2 176例,阳性率为56.68%;其中32.87%(1 262/3 839)为EV71阳性,23.81%(914/3 839)为CA16阳性,两者间阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5岁以下HFMD患者3 679例,占95.83%,其中1~2岁组患儿最多,占68.56%。3~4岁组患儿EV71阳性率(48.28%)和CA16阳性率(35.09%)最高。不同年龄组,EV71阳性率和CA16阳性率均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。手足口病发病随季节而发生变化,不同月份EV71和CA16阳性率均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。发病以4-7月份为主,占56.37%,2014年9-10月份发病率出现一定程度反弹。结论2013-2014年泉州地区手足口病肠道病毒EV71型的阳性检出率高于CA16型,4-7月份为发病高峰期,5岁以下儿童为高发人群,其中1~2岁组手足口患儿居多,而3~4岁组病毒阳性率最高,需引起重视。
Objective To understand the etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Quanzhou from 2013 to 2014 and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Methods Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 3 839 HFMD children admitted to Quanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Children’s Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect EV71-Ig M and Coxsackie virus group A, type 16 (CA16-Ig M). Results A total of 2 176 positive samples were detected in 3 839 samples, the positive rate was 56.68%. Among them, 32.87% (1 262/3 839) were EV71 positive, 23.81% (914/3 839) were CA16 positive, There was a significant difference between the positive rates (P <0.05). There were 3 679 HFMD patients under the age of 5, accounting for 95.83%, of which 1 to 2 years old accounted for 68.56%. The EV71 positive rate (48.28%) and CA16 positive rate (35.09%) in children aged 3 to 4 years were the highest. There were significant differences in the positive rates of EV71 and CA16 between different age groups (P <0.05). The incidence of HFMD changed with the seasons. The positive rates of EV71 and CA16 in different months were significantly different (P <0.05). The incidence was mainly in April-July, accounting for 56.37%. The incidence rate rebounded to some extent in September-October 2014. Conclusion The positive rate of enterovirus EV71 in hand-foot-mouth disease in Quanzhou was higher than that of CA16 in 2013-2014, peak incidence in April-July and high prevalence in children under 5 years old, of which hand-foot-mouth Most children, and 3 to 4-year-old group of the highest positive rate of the virus, need attention.