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修建水库和电站会对周围环境造成一系列的自然变化:水库淤积、岸坡不稳定、河岸冲刷、坝下游冲刷和沉积,水库的水文和水文地质情况变化,水质变化以及小气候变化。本文拟根据大量资料对相应的变化建立一个基本概念,并对每一种环境变化列举若干实例。文章着重介绍建有小型水库的丘陵地区,人口稠密的耕作区以及地层岩性较弱(松散岩石和士壤)地区所产生的重要环境变化。为了水库和电站的安全运行、观察环境变化、及时采取措施,防止并减少随时间发展的有害变化,文章还强调要严格执行规章的重要性。
The construction of reservoirs and power stations will cause a series of natural changes in the surrounding environment: reservoir siltation, bank instability, bank erosion, downstream erosion and deposition of dams, hydrological and hydrogeological changes in reservoirs, water quality changes and microclimate changes. This article intends to establish a basic concept of corresponding changes based on a large amount of data, and lists a few examples of each environmental change. The article focuses on hilly areas with small reservoirs, densely populated farming areas, and important environmental changes in areas with weak lithology (loose rocks and leachate). In order to ensure the safe operation of reservoirs and power stations, observe changes in the environment and take timely measures to prevent and reduce the harmful changes that have developed over time, the article also emphasizes the importance of strictly implementing the regulations.