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目的了解龙岗区居民疾病防治知识健康教育内容和方式的实际需求,为开展有针对性的社区健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,采用多阶段整群抽样和单纯随机抽样方法,分别对龙岗区社区居民232人和外来工192人进行问卷调查。结果对社区公众而言,95.7%的调查对象认为自己需要接受疾病防治知识的宣传,对疾病防治知识需求前3位是传染病(22.1%)、免疫接种(20.7%)和突发公共卫生事件(16.2%),最希望了解疾病的传播途径(16.4%)、消毒隔离措施(12.3%)和疾病预防(12.3%),最感兴趣的健康教育传播方式是免费宣传小册子(16.2%)、网络知识(14.4%)和书籍(12.7%);对外来工而言,87.5%的调查对象认为自己需要接受疾病防治知识的宣传,对疾病防治知识需求前3位是传染病(22.7%)、劳动保护和职业病(20.5%)和突发公共卫生事件(16.9%),最希望了解疾病的传播途径(18.6%)、预防措施(13.9%)、危害程度(12.8%)和合理饮食及注意事项(12.8%),最感兴趣的健康教育传播方式是免费宣传小册子(21.9%)、墙报宣传栏(13.0%)、书籍(12.2%)。结论对不同对象提供疾病防治知识的内容和方式的侧重点有所不同,应有针对性地开展健康教育工作,同时应进一步丰富健康教育知识的种类。
Objective To understand the actual needs of health education in residents of Longgang District for disease prevention knowledge and provide a basis for carrying out targeted community health education. Methods The questionnaire was designed by ourselves. The method of multistage cluster sampling and simple random sampling were used to survey 232 community residents and 192 migrant workers in Longgang District. Results For the general public, 95.7% of the respondents thought they needed to receive publicity on disease prevention and control knowledge. The top 3 knowledge leaders in disease prevention and control were infectious diseases (22.1%), immunization (20.7%) and public health emergencies (16.2%), most want to know the route of disease transmission (16.4%), disinfection and isolation measures (12.3%) and disease prevention (12.3%). The most interesting ways to spread health education are free brochures (16.2% (14.4%) and books (12.7%). For migrant workers, 87.5% of respondents think they need to be informed about disease prevention and control. The top 3 knowledge-based disease prevention and treatment needs are infectious diseases (22.7%), Labor protection and occupational diseases (20.5%) and public health emergencies (16.9%), most want to know the route of disease transmission (18.6%), preventive measures (13.9%), the degree of harm (12.8%) and reasonable diet and precautions (12.8%). The most popular modes of health education dissemination are free brochures (21.9%), poster bulletin boards (13.0%) and books (12.2%). Conclusions The focus and content of disease prevention and treatment for different subjects are different from each other. Health education should be carried out in a targeted manner. At the same time, the types of health education knowledge should be further enriched.