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运输企业的生产过程可以概括为客货位移一句话,也就是旅客和货物的场所变动.较长时期以来,交通管理部门和企业负责人,偏重于抓产量,即运输吨和吨公里的进度,不注重消耗、成本、利润的考核,忽视运输工具的技术改造.部分企业存在着“坐大船、擂大鼓、鼓烂了、公家补”的思想.1979年以来,交通运输企业很不景气,货源不足,运量下降,退休人员增加,企业负担加重,陆运企业1980年的利润比1978年下降22%,航运企业由原来每年盈利一两百万元,转而连续三年亏损八十余万元的困难局面.五届人大四次会议决定把提高经济效益作为一切经济工作的中心,交通管理部门和运输企业曾经采取了一些措施,如加强企业管理、推行经济责任制、实行定额管理、搞单车、单船、班组核算等等,取得了一些成效,部分企业已经扭亏增盈.但是同行业企业之间的经济效益悬殊很大.例如汽车运输业装备好的平均每辆汽车年利润
The production process of transport companies can be summarized as a sentence of displacement of passengers and cargo, that is, changes in the location of passengers and goods. For a long period of time, the traffic management department and the person in charge of the company have focused on the output, that is, the progress of transporting tons and tons of kilometers. Pay attention to the assessment of consumption, cost and profit, and neglect the technological transformation of transportation tools. Some enterprises have the idea of “swimming with ships, drums, bad drums, and public compensation.” Since 1979, transportation companies have been sluggish. Insufficient supply, declining transport volume, increased retirees, and increased corporate burdens. The profits of land transport enterprises in 1980 fell by 22% compared with 1978. The shipping companies originally made a profit of one or two million yuan each year, and turned to a loss of more than 800,000 for three consecutive years. The difficult situation of the yuan. The Fourth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress decided to make improving economic efficiency the center of all economic work. Traffic management departments and transportation companies have taken some measures, such as strengthening enterprise management, implementing economic responsibility system, implementing quota management, and Bicycles, single boats, team calculations, etc., have achieved some results, some companies have lost profits and increased profits. However, the economic benefits of enterprises in the same industry are very different. The average annual profit of each car sold by the automotive industry