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一、教学目的的确定 1、《柏林之围》是本单元最后一篇课文,也是高中阶段(二年制)最后一篇小说。课本把它安排为阅读教材是有道理的。因为小说构思新颖,情节生动,形象鲜明,主题突出,尤其在人物塑造上采取了多种表现手法,所以可以通过这篇课文,进一步复习和掌握有关复杂记叙的知识,提高阅读和鉴赏短篇小说的能力。 2、这篇小说在艺术上最突出的特点是,善于通过人物的外貌、语言和行动的描写,来揭示人物的内心世界;同时还善于通过场景描写,烘托气氛,为人物的塑造服务。因此在指导同学阅读时,应该着重要求其学习如何通过肖像描写、言语行动描写、环境描写和细节描写来刻划人物的方法。 3、由于作家描写的生动,儒夫上校的思想很容易感动人。这时尤其需要引导同学运用历史唯物主义分析儒夫上校的爱国主义,其实质是什么,分清无产阶级爱国主义和资产阶级爱国主义之间的本质区别,从而认识儒夫上校(也是作者)思想的局限性,提高批判继承文化遗产的能力。二、问题讨论 1、儒夫上校是个热诚的爱国者,但是作品里并没有写他什么爱国的壮举,那么作品是通过什么来反映他的爱国主义感情的? 提示:作品通过儒夫上校病情的变化,巧妙地揭示了洋溢在人物心灵深处的强烈的爱国主义激情。因为他的病情是随着战争局势的变化而转化的。儒夫上校的病情可分四个阶段。第一阶段是突然发病阶段。当普法战争中第一个惨败的消息传来时,这个拿破仑帝国时代的军人,“象遭到雷击似的倒在地下”。作者特地补写了一笔他的外貌:高大魁
First, determine the purpose of teaching 1, “Wall of Berlin” is the last text of this unit, but also the last novel of high school (two years). It makes sense that textbooks arrange it for reading textbooks. Because the novel has a novel concept, a vivid plot, a vivid image, and a prominent theme, especially in the shaping of characters, it can be used to further review and master the knowledge of complex narratives and improve the reading and appreciation of short stories. ability. 2. The most prominent feature of this novel in art is that it is good at revealing the inner world of the characters through the description of the appearance, language, and actions of the characters; at the same time, it is also good at depicting the atmosphere, and serving the shaping of characters. Therefore, when instructing classmates to read, they should focus on asking how they learn how to depict characters through portrait descriptions, verbal action descriptions, environmental descriptions, and detailed descriptions. 3. As the writer described vividly, the thought of Colonel Youfu was very easy to move. In this case, it is particularly necessary to guide students to use historical materialism to analyze Colonel Youfu’s patriotism, what is its essence, and to distinguish the essential difference between proletarian patriotism and bourgeois patriotism, so as to understand the thought of the colonel Youfu (also the author). Limitations, improve the ability of critical succession to cultural heritage. II. Problem Discussion 1. Colonel Youfu was a devoted patriot, but his works did not write about his patriotic feats. Then, what works reflected his patriotic sentiments? Tip: The work passed through Colonel Youfu’s illness. Changes have subtly revealed the intense patriotic passions that permeate deep within the characters’ hearts. Because his condition has changed with the change in the war situation. Colonel Youfu’s condition can be divided into four stages. The first phase is the sudden onset. When the news of the first fiasco in the Franco-Prussian War came, the soldier of the Napoleonic Empire was “as if by lightning.” The author specially wrote a copy of his appearance: Gao Daukui