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塔里木盆地北部土壤资源丰富,又有水源保证,是新疆发展农业生产,进行多种经营的重要基地。研究土壤养分特征及其垦后土壤养分的变化,对于合理开发利用土壤资源,建设稳产高产基本农田有重要的意义。本文是在进行新疆荒地资源综合考察工作的基础上完成的。在执笔过程中参考和引用了新疆荒地资源综合考察队的有关资料。 一、土壤形成的环境条件 塔里木盆地北部系指东经78°55’—88°15’,东经40°08’—42°10’之间的地区,面积13.55万平方里,自然区划上属暖温带荒漠——棕漠土带。气候极端干旱,年降水量仅25—70毫米,蒸发量却高达1700—2000毫米,干燥度10—30,年平均气温10.6—11.5℃,气温年较差与日较差均很大,且多风沙。自然植被以超旱生的灌木和小半灌木荒漠为主,地下水位较高的扇缘、湖滨也生长草甸和沼泽植被,大河沿岸有荒漠
The north of the Tarim Basin is rich in soil resources with guaranteed water sources. It is an important base for developing agricultural production and diversified operations in Xinjiang. Studying the characteristics of soil nutrients and their changes in soil nutrients after reclamation will be of great significance for the rational exploitation and utilization of soil resources and for the construction of basic farmland with high and stable yields. This article is based on the comprehensive inspection of wasteland resources in Xinjiang completed on the basis of work. In the course of writing reference and reference of the comprehensive information team of Xinjiang wasteland resources. First, the environmental conditions of soil formation The northern Tarim Basin refers to the longitude 78 ° 55’-88 ° 15 ’east longitude 40 ° 08’-42 ° 10’ between the area of 135,500 square feet, the natural division of the upper warm temperate Desert - brown desert soil. Extremely dry climate, the annual rainfall of only 25-70 mm, but as high as 1700-2000 mm evaporation, dryness of 10-30, the annual average temperature of 10.6-11.5 ℃, the annual temperature difference between the poor and the day are very large, and more Wind and sand. Natural vegetation is dominated by ultra-durian shrubs and small semi-shrub deserts, fan-shaped margins with high groundwater levels, and meadow and swamp vegetation on the lakeshore and deserts along the rivers