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近十年来世界矿业技术发展的趋势来看,由于采掘技术的发展和高效率采掘机械设备的出现以及矿石成本结构的变化,先进国家的留矿法比重正在明显地大幅度下降。结合我国国情的具体情况,从五十年代至八十年代留矿法的应用一直占有较大比重,以金属矿山为例,五十年代约为43％,六十年代为49％,七十年代为38～40％,八十年代为39％,其变化趋势还不甚明显,而且可以预言,由于科技水平,设备先进程度,人口、就业及劳务政策等在较长时期内不会有太大变化,因而与这些因素有关的采矿方法比重也不会有太大变化,为此,讨论留矿法的底部结构若干方面问题是有实际意义的。
According to the trend of mining technology development in the world over the past decade, due to the development of extractive technologies and the emergence of high-efficiency mining machinery and equipment and changes in the structure of ore costs, the share of mining-retention law in advanced countries is obviously dropping sharply. According to the specific conditions of China’s national conditions, the application of the mineral retention law has always occupied a large share from the 1950s to the 1980s. Taking the metal mines as an example, the number was about 43% in the 1950s, 49% in the 1960s and 1970s From 38 to 40% in the 1980s and 39% in the 1980s. The trend of change is still not clear, and it can be predicted that due to the level of science and technology, advanced equipment, population, employment and labor policies will not be too long for a long time Therefore, the proportion of mining methods related to these factors will not change much. Therefore, it is of practical significance to discuss some aspects of the bottom structure of the mineral retention law.