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2004年国务院对我国林业生产力进行了战略调整,系统整合并正式批准实施了天然林保护工程、“三北”和长江中下游地区重点防护林建设工程、退耕还林还草工程、京津地区防沙治沙工程、野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程和重点地区以速生丰产用材林为主的林业产业基地建设工程等六大国家林业重点建设工程。这六大林业建设工程的实施情况如何?在实现生态效益、经济(农民增收)效益和社会(消除贫困)效益的共赢成效如何?本文立足于四个县级调查,从实证角度考察林业重点建设工程实施中的利益驱动关系,剖析了林业重点建设工程实施中值得重视的若干法律问题——综合决策、集体林权改革、合作造林模式、公平配置国家财政投资、民众普遍受益与特殊群体受益的社会责任和生态补偿等,对工程实施的经验作了理性分析,为未来林业工程的更好实施和制度完善提供决策依据。
In 2004, the State Council made strategic adjustments to China’s forestry productivity and systematically integrated and formally approved the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, the “Three Norths” and the key protection forest construction in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, Desertification prevention and control projects, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction projects and key areas of fast-growing high-yielding timber-based forestry industry base construction projects and other six major national forestry key construction projects. How are the implementation of the six major forestry construction projects? What are the successes and win-win results of realizing the benefits of ecological benefits, economy (farmers’ income increase) and social benefits (elimination of poverty)? Based on four county-level surveys, This paper analyzes some legal issues worthy of attention in the implementation of key construction projects of forestry, such as comprehensive decision-making, collective forest rights reform, cooperation afforestation mode, fair allocation of national financial investment, general public benefit and benefiting special groups Social responsibility and ecological compensation, the rational analysis of the experience of the implementation of the project for the future implementation of forestry projects and improve the system to provide the basis for decision-making.