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目的研究杭州地区非职业暴露孕妇全血中重金属元素浓度水平及其影响因素。方法选择2015年在杭州某综合性医院待产的115名孕妇作为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其静脉全血中铅、镉、铜、锌、镍、铬、铍、锰、钴、砷、银、钛和铊等13种重金属元素的含量,并进行问卷调查。结果 115名被调查孕妇全血中钛、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷和铅浓度中位数分别为1 742、108、34.9、0.38、2.35、451、1 782、5.44、10.6μg/L。仅有1人全血中铅浓度高于100μg/L,全部孕妇的镉、砷浓度均未超标。妊娠期间使用指甲油、美白霜、香料、被动吸烟和看报纸的孕妇全血中铬、铜和砷浓度较低,钛、钴浓度较高;经常坐车或驾车出行的孕妇血砷浓度(7.77μg/L)高于不常坐车或驾车出行者(5.76μg/L);常食用松花蛋、爆米花、金属罐头及饮料的孕妇血锰浓度(46.1μg/L)高于不食用者(35.9μg/L);上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而孕妇年龄、居住地与交通干道距离、房屋装修时间与全血中13种重金属元素浓度的相关性均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论杭州地区非职业暴露孕妇体内重金属处于较低水平,不同生活及饮食习惯可能会影响孕妇体内重金属水平。
Objective To study the levels of heavy metal elements in whole blood of non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Hangzhou and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 115 pregnant women to be given birth at a general hospital in Hangzhou in 2015 were selected as study objects. The content of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, beryllium, manganese, cobalt and their contents in venous whole blood were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Arsenic, silver, titanium and thallium, and other 13 kinds of heavy metal elements, and conducted a questionnaire survey. Results The median concentrations of titanium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic and lead in 115 pregnant women were 1 742,108,34.9,0.38,2.35,451,1 782,5.44, 10.6 μg / L. Only one human whole blood lead concentration higher than 100μg / L, all pregnant women cadmium, arsenic concentrations were not exceeded. Pregnant women using nail polish, whitening cream, spices, passive smoking and reading newspapers during pregnancy lower concentrations of chromium, copper and arsenic in whole blood, higher concentrations of titanium and cobalt; pregnant women with frequent car or driving travel blood arsenic concentrations (7.77μg / L) was higher than that of infrequent car or driving (5.76μg / L); the level of blood manganese (46.1μg / L) in pregnant women who had regular consumption of preserved eggs, popcorn, metal cans and drinks was higher than that of non-users / L); The above differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant correlation between the age of pregnant women, the distance between residence and traffic trunk, the time of house decoration and the concentrations of 13 heavy metal elements in whole blood (P> 0.05). Conclusion The heavy metals in non-occupational exposure pregnant women in Hangzhou are at a low level. Different life and eating habits may affect the level of heavy metals in pregnant women.