采用实验室内的溢油模拟实验,从分子级水平揭示短期风化作用对溢油组成的影响。研究表明,该原油的风化损失主要发生在最初的24 h,且以饱和烃组分的损失为主;正构烷烃的分布形态中C数大于18的部分基本不受短期风化作用的影响;大多数的多环芳烃指标都明显受风化作用的影响;相对含量较低以及共溢出的存在是影响甾萜类生标化合物准确定量的两个主要因素。研究结果可为溢油源鉴定指标的选择提供实验依据。 Using laboratory oil spill simulation experiments, the effect of short-term weathering on oil spill composition is revealed at the molecular level. The results show that the weathering loss of the crude oil mainly occurs in the first 24 h, and the loss of saturated hydrocarbon components is the main part. The distribution of n-alkanes with C value larger than 18 is not affected by short-term weathering. Most of the PAHs were significantly affected by weathering. The low relative content and the presence of co-overflow were the two main factors affecting the accurate quantification of steroid-like compounds. The results can provide experimental evidence for the selection of oil spill source indicators.