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苍茫大地,芸芸众生,谁能体味人生暮年之苦乐?谁能理解老年人的个性? 一些谙达世情的人们,对老年人恭而敬之;而有的人对老年人则敬而远之。 在相当长的时间里,一些精神医学文献用带有消极、悲观的色彩描述老年人的形象,诸如:缺乏感情、动作迟缓、不修边幅、唠叨、多疑、固执、小气、暴躁等等,这是从临床抽样中得来的,只占老年人口的0.5—1.3％,这是带有偏见的臆说,并非真实地反映老年人的全貌。 70年代以来,欧、美的学者提出与上述看法截然不同的、新的发展心理学的观点,称之“毕生发展观”。这学说认为人的整个一生,即从胚胎形成到死亡的全训过程中,都是在发展着,其中包括
Who can understand the joys and sorrows of old age? Some people who know the worldly things are respectful of the elderly; while others are elderly people at a distance. For a long period of time, some psychiatric documents describe the image of the elderly in negative and pessimistic colors, such as lack of affection, sluggishness, trimming, nagging, suspiciousness, stubbornness, stingyness, irritability, etc. The 0.5-1.3% of the elderly population, derived from clinical sampling, is a biased assumption that does not give a true picture of the elderly. Since the 1970s, scholars from Europe and the United States have put forward the new concept of developmental psychology that is completely different from the above view and called it the “concept of life-long development.” This doctrine holds that the entire life of a man, from embryonic formation to the full training of death, is under development, including