“五常”概念形成于汉代儒术独尊的背景中,并最终全部划入儒家专有的理论范畴,成为人们行为规范中重要的伦理准则。实际上,包括仁、义、礼、智、信以及忠、勇、恭、孝、悌等各种家庭、社会、政治伦理概念的产生远早于“百家”“九流”等学术派别的划分,在很长的历史时期内是每个上古思想家都会言及甚至是无法回避的重要内容。被奉为道家早期经典的《道德经》中,也有提到“五常”的内容,但其基本观点却与儒家大相径庭。在《道德经》中,最高的范 The concept of “five permanent members” was formed in the background of Han Dynasty monologue of Confucianism, and finally all of them were classified into the category of Confucianism, which became the important ethical criterion in the code of conduct of people. In fact, the concept of various family, social and political ethics including benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith and loyalty, courage, courtesy, filial piety and hatred is much earlier than that of “one hundred, nine, The division of academic factions in the long historical period is something that every ancient thinker can say even unavoidable. The Taoist Scriptures, which are regarded as the early classic of Taoism, also contain the content of ”Five Rules“, but their basic views are quite different from those of Confucianism. In the ”moral", the highest standard