我在八十年代初曾撰写《晚明心学的没落与实学思潮的兴起》一文,对晚明及明清之际实学思潮的形成发展、基本内容及历史地位等作了较为全面的论述。此后,学界同仁相继发表宏论,有关实学、实学思潮的论著逐渐增多。不过,学者们的见解并不一致。这种不一致来自两个方面。一方面,有的学者不同意“实 In the early 1980s, I wrote ”The Decline of Mythology in Late Ming Dynasty and the Rise of Practical Learning Trend" and made a more comprehensive exposition of the formation, development, basic content and historical status of Practical Learning Trend in the late Ming Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since then, the academic colleagues have published a macro theory, the real learning, practical academic trend doctrine gradually increased. However, the scholars’ opinions are not the same. This inconsistency comes from two aspects. On the one hand, some scholars do not agree