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应用现场实测和数值模拟方法,对深厚表土综放采场顶板运动特征进行系统研究。结果表明:深厚表土综放采场支架载荷的时间效应显著;随着采场推进,直接顶周期性的形成“岩—矸”结构,低位、高位基本顶先后破断并造成采场来压;沿倾斜方向采场来压顺序符合一般采场顶板断裂特征;采场支架需控岩层范围大,高位基本顶破断、回转迫使低位基本顶破断、回转造成的采场来压强度大;采场超前应力动态监测技术为采场来压预报提供了一种方法。最后,给出了深厚表土综放采场顶板事故防治的建议。
The roof movement characteristics of deep topsoil in fully mechanized caving and longwall top coal caving are studied systematically by field test and numerical simulation. The results show that the time effect of the support load of deep topsoil fully mechanized top-coal caving face is remarkable. With the advancing of stope, the structure of rock-rock is formed directly and periodically. The low top and high basic top successively rupture and cause stope pressure ; The order of stope pressing along the slope direction is in line with the general roof stope fracture characteristics; the range of strata to be controlled by stope supports is large and the basic top breaks; the low pressure basic roof is broken by swiveling and the stope pressure caused by swivel is large; Dynamic stress monitoring technology provides a method for predicting the stope pressure. Finally, the suggestions of prevention and control of roof accidents of deep topsoil in fully mechanized top-coal caving face are given.