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本文对KF—AlF_3高温铝钎剂的配比和各种性能进行了一系列验证性试验,得出钎剂的组成KF/AlF_3=45/55为最好。并验证了该钎剂与氯化物钎剂相对比有以下优点:(1)不吸潮,(2)不溶于水,(3)不溶于HNO_3、H_2SO_4、HF和NaOH,(4)对工件没有腐蚀作用,(5)钎剂的工艺性能优良,(6)钎缝致密性好,最后推荐出钎剂清洗的方法。目前国内高温铝钎焊所用的钎剂,都是以氯化物为基础的。这种氯化物钎剂主要存在以下缺点: 1、它有强烈的吸潮性。吸潮后,工艺性能大大下降,去除氧化膜的效果变坏,很容易使钎缝形成“夹渣”和“填不满”,给制品造成腐蚀源。在生产中使用起来也很不方便。而要在使用过程中完全防止钎剂吸潮是很困难的。 2、氯化物钎剂和水反应,会生成一部分氯氧化物。这种氯氧化物不溶于水,粘附在工件表面上,即使通过一系列严格清洗(碱洗、酸洗、冷热水冲洗等),也很难完全彻底清洗干净。残余的钎剂,在潮湿炎热的条件下,对制品产生严重腐蚀,至使产品报废。以上两个问题,给铝制品钎接生产中,造成严重困难,使质量受到影响,成为目前生产上急待解决的问题。为了克服使用钎剂给铝制品带来的腐蚀,近年来,国内外研制成铝的真空钎接。但是由于真空设备昂贵,生产效率低等缺点,在生产上广泛采用仍受到一定的限制。因此,对于一种不吸潮,不腐工件的铝钎剂,在实际生产中要求是非常迫切的。
In this paper, a series of confirmatory experiments were carried out on the compounding ratio and various properties of KF-AlF 3 high-temperature aluminum brazing flux. It was concluded that the flux composition KF / AlF 3 = 45/55 was the best. (1) does not absorb moisture, (2) is insoluble in water, (3) is insoluble in HNO3, H2SO4, HF and NaOH, (4) has no effect on the workpiece Corrosion, (5) excellent process performance flux, (6) dense brazing seam, and finally recommended a flux cleaning method. Currently used in high-temperature aluminum brazing flux, are chloride-based. This chloride flux mainly has the following disadvantages: 1, it has a strong moisture absorption. After moisture absorption, the process performance is greatly reduced, the effect of removing the oxide film is deteriorated, and it is easy to cause the brazing seam to form “slag inclusion” and “fill in the unsatisfied”, thus causing corrosion source to the product. It is also inconvenient to use in production. It is difficult to completely prevent the flux from absorbing moisture during use. 2, chloride flux and water reaction, will generate part of the oxychloride. This chlorine oxide is insoluble in water and adheres to the surface of the work piece. It is difficult to completely clean it thoroughly even after a series of stringent cleaning processes (caustic, pickling, hot and cold water washing, etc.). Residual flux, in hot and humid conditions, serious corrosion products, to make the product scrapped. The above two problems have caused serious difficulties in the production of brazed aluminum products and have affected the quality and have become urgent problems to be solved in production. In order to overcome the use of flux to the corrosion of aluminum products, in recent years at home and abroad developed aluminum vacuum brazing. However, due to the disadvantages of expensive vacuum equipment and low production efficiency, the widespread adoption in production is still subject to certain restrictions. Therefore, for a moisture-absorbing, non-rotting aluminum flux, in actual production requirements are very urgent.