临床上,慢性心衰包括两方面:(1)心肌衰竭,这会引起泵功能障碍;(2)充血性衰竭,这是由于代偿性的外周血管收缩和灌注再分布而导致器官功能障碍的循环紊乱。临床治疗正是针对这两方面的。利尿药和血管扩张剂的应用往往能控制充血性症状。用以改善心肌衰竭的治疗通常是应用洋地黄甙类,由于此类药物仅有中等效力,且毒性较大,所以其应用价值有限。其他强效的心肌力增强剂,如儿茶酚胺类,必须静脉内给药,长期使用后有沼在的耐药性,且常出现副作用如心律失 Clinically, chronic heart failure includes two aspects: (1) myocardial failure, which causes pump dysfunction; (2) congestive failure due to compensatory peripheral vasoconstriction and perfusion redistribution resulting in organ dysfunction Circulatory disorders. Clinical treatment is aimed at these two aspects. Diuretics and vasodilators are often used to control congestive symptoms. Treatment to improve myocardial failure is usually applied to digitalis glycosides, because these drugs only moderate efficacy, and toxicity, so its value is limited. Other potent cardiotonic enhancers, such as catecholamines, must be administered intravenously, have resistance to marsh after long-term use, and often have side effects such as arrhythmia