小麦是需水作物。据 Shantz 和 Piemeisel 的资料,硬粒小麦的需水量是每生产1g 干物质要消耗518g水,普通小麦每生产1g 干物质消耗552g 水。此外被根系保持在体内的水不到1％,其余99％通过气孔以水蒸汽的形式蒸发掉。温度、湿度、风力和土壤肥力等对蒸发和蒸散失水有重要影响。以温度而论,在温度较低时灌溉,可减少地面蒸发,增加下渗使土壤和根际贮水较多,有利于被植株吸收和利用。在一天之中,昼温显著高于 Wheat is a water crop. According to Shantz and Piemeisel, the water requirement for durum wheat consumes 518 g of water for 1 g of dry matter and 552 g of water for 1 g of dry matter for common wheat. In addition, less than 1% of the water is retained in the body by the root system, and the remaining 99% is evaporated through the pores as water vapor. Temperature, humidity, wind and soil fertility have a significant impact on evaporation and evapotranspiration. In terms of temperature, irrigation at a lower temperature can reduce evaporation on the ground and increase infiltration to make more water in the soil and rhizosphere, which is beneficial for plants to absorb and utilize. Daytime temperatures were significantly higher during the day