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始基卵泡占卵巢所有卵泡的99%以上,人卵巢组织中最后一批由初级卵母细胞分化形成的始基卵泡的寿命可长达50余年。始基卵泡的有序激活受多种信号通路的调控作用。许多细胞因子可以通过PI3K-AKT信号通路,激活叉头蛋白转录因子O3a(Fox O3a),促进始基卵泡的启动,而该作用可以被抑癌基因PTEN编码的蛋白所抑制;结节性硬化综合征(TSC)蛋白能够负向调节哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1(m TORC1),在始基卵泡保持静止状态的过程中发挥重要作用;转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)家族成员众多,对始基卵泡的激活作用存在争议,主要通过蛋白分子Smads控制靶基因的转录;近期有研究表明,Hippo信号通路在卵泡激活调节过程中有重要作用,对卵巢组织进行机械切割,可以抑制Hippo信号通路,促进卵泡激活。上述不同的信号通路之间存在频繁的交叉对话。对多种信号通路之间进行联系,能够为整体理解始基卵泡的激活机制提供新的思路。
Primitive follicles account for more than 99% of all ovarian follicles, and the last batch of primordial follicles formed by the differentiation of primary oocytes in human ovarian tissue can last for more than 50 years. Primitive follicular orderly activation is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways. Many cytokines promote the initiation of primordial follicles through activation of the primed transcription factor O3a (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway, which can be suppressed by the protein encoded by the tumor suppressor gene PTEN; the combination of tuberous sclerosis TSC protein can negatively regulate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), plays an important role in the primordial follicles remain quiescent state; transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family Many members of the primordial follicle activation is controversial, mainly through the control of protein molecules Smads target gene transcription; Recent studies have shown that Hippo signaling pathway in the regulation of follicular activation plays an important role in the ovarian tissue mechanical cutting, you can Inhibit Hippo signaling pathway, promote follicle activation. There are frequent cross conversations between the different signal paths. The connection between multiple signal pathways can provide new ideas for the overall understanding of the activation mechanism of primordial follicles.