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目的监测农村农田土壤重金属和寄生虫污染水平,为防控污染和政策制定提供参考。方法 2013—2016年按照监测方案用分层随机抽样法,从南平市建阳区和邵武市抽取20个不同的行政村为监测点,每个监测点采集1份农田土壤样本,检测土壤蛔虫卵和重金属铅、镉、铬,以GB 15618-1995《土壤环境质量标准》为评价标准,用单因子污染指数和内梅罗污染指数评价污染水平。结果 4年共检测农田土壤160份,活蛔虫卵检出率55.0%,中位数200个/kg,最大值15 000个/kg。本研究农田土壤属Ⅱ类,按二级标准评价,单因子污染指数镉0.47、铅0.18、铬0.21,内梅罗污染指数0.55。结论南平市农田土壤蛔虫卵处于中重度污染水平,应采取改水改厕等措施实现农村生活污水、生活垃圾及粪便无害化处理;土壤总体上未受镉、铅、铬污染,但仍应加强监测,防患未然。
Objective To monitor the level of heavy metal and parasite contamination in farmland soils and provide references for pollution control and policy making. Methods Twenty different administrative villages were selected from Jiangyang and Shaowu of Nanping City as monitoring points by stratified random sampling method from 2013 to 2016. One cropland soil samples were collected from each monitoring spot to detect soil ascaris eggs And heavy metal lead, cadmium and chromium. According to GB 15618-1995 Soil Environmental Quality Standard, the single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were used to evaluate the pollution level. Results A total of 160 farmland soils were detected in 4 years. The detection rate of live round ascaris eggs was 55.0% with a median of 200 / kg and a maximum of 15 000 / kg. Soil in this study belongs to category II and is evaluated according to secondary standard. The single factor pollution index is 0.47 for cadmium, 0.18 for lead, 0.21 for chromium and 0.55 for Nemerow. Conclusion The soil roundworm eggs in farmland of Nanping City are at moderate or severe levels of pollution. Measures such as water diversion and toileting should be taken to realize the treatment of rural domestic sewage, household garbage and excrement. The soil is not contaminated by cadmium, lead and chromium as a whole, Strengthen monitoring, take preventive measures.