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本文对V_2O_5车间中108名工人的健康情况进行了调查。车间中钒烟及钒尘TWA分别为0.08～0.19mg/m~3、0.18～1.15mg/m~3,108名工人(平均年龄为34岁,工龄1-14年、平均工龄4.5年)其有关钒刺激的症状及体征(咳嗽、喀痰、胸闷、胸痛、流泪、流涕、鼻干、鼻痒、鼻中膈病变、鼻甲充血或肿大、皮痒、皮疹)、脱发、神表症候群、口中异味、手足麻木、肺功能中的FEV_1降低及FEF25-75%减慢、指甲胱氨酸含量减少、尿钒增高的发生率均高于对照组,有显著或非常显著意义,且存在一定的剂量反应关系。钒烟的刺激作用均五倍于钒尘。在钒空气污染基本低于MAC(烟0.1mg/m~3、尘0.5mg/m~3)时上述症状及体征绝大多数仍多于对照组且有显著意义,提示钒的卫生标准应予以降低。
This article investigated the health of 108 workers in the V_2O_5 workshop. The TWA of vanadium smoke and vanadium dust were 0.08 ~ 0.19mg / m ~ 3,0.18 ~ 1.15mg / m ~ 3,108 workers respectively in the workshop (average age 34 years, length of service 1 ~ 14 years, average service life 4.5 years) Symptoms and signs of irritation (cough, phlegm, chest tightness, chest pain, tearing, runny nose, dry nose, nasal itching, nasal diaphragm disease, congestion or enlargement of the turbinate, itchy skin and rash), alopecia, , Numbness in hands and feet, decreased FEV_1 in lung function, and decreased FEF25-75%, decreased cystine content and increased urinary vanadium in control group, which were significantly or very significant, and there was a certain dose response relationship. Stimulation of vanadium smoke are five times that of vanadium dust. The most of the above symptoms and signs were still more than those of the control group when the vanadium air pollution was basically lower than MAC (smoke 0.1mg / m ~ 3, dust 0.5mg / m ~ 3), which indicated that the health standard of vanadium should be reduce.