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Background Phacotrabeculectomy can be performed using one-site or two-site incisions.This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of one-site versus two-site phacotrabecuiectomy in the treatment of patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology toidentify randomized controlled clinical trials comparing one-site with two-site phacotrabeculectomy.Studies meeting our predefined criteria were included in the meta-analysis.Efficacy estimates were measured by weighted mean difference (WMD) for the percentage intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from baseline to end point, relative risk (RR) for the proportion of patients with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.5 or better after surgery and complete success rates.Tolerability estimates were measured by RR for adverse events.All of outcomes were reported with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Data were synthesised by Stata 10.1 for Windows.Results Two-site phacotrabeculectomy was associated with greater reductions in IOP than the one-site procedure (WMD: -5.99, 95% CI: -10.74-1.24, P=0.01).A greater proportion of patients also achieved a BCVA of 0.5 or better (RR:0.91, 95% CI: 0.74-1.12, P=0.36) and the target IOP without anti-glaucoma medication at the study end point (RR: 0.94,95% CI: 0.83-1.07, P=0.34) after two-site than one-site phacotrabeculectomy, but the differences were not significant.There were no significant differences in adverse events between two surgical procedures.Conclusions Two-site phacotrabeculectomy is superior to one-site phacotrabeculectomy in reducing IOP, but other post-operative effects are similar.One-site and two-site phacotrabeculectomies have similar adverse event rates.