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20世纪上半叶,美国人类学学者研究美洲印第安语,创立了诸多研究范式,形成了自己的传统,基本上沿着两大路径展开:一是语言本体研究。从事田野调查,纪录分析语言结构,构拟历史语言,采用数码技术纪录濒危语言,开美国结构语言学学派之先河,丰富和完善纪录语言学技术和方法。二是语言交叉研究。研究语言与文化、语言相对论、民族科学、文化和社会中的语言、交际民族志等五大范式,这些范式或为人类语言学、语言人类学的创立奠定了基础,或者成为美国社会语言学中的一大流派。
In the first half of the 20th century, American anthropologists studied American Indian and created many research paradigms to form their own traditions. They basically followed two major paths: First, the study of linguistic ontology. He engaged in field investigations, recording and analyzing linguistic structures, drafting history languages, adopting digital technology to record endangered languages, opening a new school of structural linguistics in the United States, and enriching and improving the techniques and methods of recording linguistics. Second, cross-language studies. Studying five major paradigms of language and culture, language relativity, ethnology, culture and society, communicative ethnography, etc. These paradigms lay the foundation for the founding of human linguistics and linguistic anthropology or became the most important part of American sociolinguistics A big genre