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急性呼吸衰竭是致死率较高的呼吸危重症，治疗过程中及时纠正氧合状态并降低并发症是关键。近年来，无创通气迅速发展，已成为机械通气领域最重要的发展之一，并越来越多地用于急性呼吸衰竭的治疗。但是部分未经合适筛选和评估的急性呼吸衰竭患者在无创通气治疗中获益有限，最终需要气管插管或死亡。临床应用过程中发现诸多因素可影响无创通气的治疗效果，本文从人口统计学资料、患者一般状态和生理参数、呼吸机相关因素等方面对无创通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭失败的相关危险因素进行分析总结。“,”Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a fatal respiratory critical illness, in which treatment it is essential to correct oxygen deficiency and reduce complications.In recent years, non-invasive ventilation has developed rapidly and become one of the most important developments in the field of mechanical ventilation, which is increasingly used in the treatment of ARF.However, some patients with ARF who have not been properly screened and evaluated have limited benefits from noninvasive ventilation therapy, with ultimately required endotracheal intubation or death.Many factors have been found in the clinical application process that can affect the therapeutic effect of noninvasive ventilation.This article is aimed to analyze and summary the risk factors related to the failure of noninvasive ventilation in the treatment of ARF, including the aspects of demographic data, patients′ general state and physiological parameters, ventilator related factors and etc.