一、知识经济形成的标志与任何事物一样,知识经济的形成需经历由量变到质变的过程。完成这一质变的标志至少有三。其一,对经济增长起决定作用的生产要素(经济资源)发生质的变化。在60—70年代,美国经济学家在进行经济增长因素的研究与分析时,就已经发现知识对于经济增长的特殊贡献。E,F丹尼森在对1948—1969年美国的经济增长作因素分析时发现,推动增长的最主要因素是“知识进展”(指技术创新和管理、组织的改进),对美国经济增长的贡献达31%;同期,教育的贡献为14%。知识进展和教育通过提高生产率对增长起重要作用。1971年诺贝尔经济学奖得主S.库兹涅茨认为,现代经济增长的重要因素之一,是知识存量的增长,当技术知识和社会知识的存量被利用时,就成为经济总量高比率增长和经济结构迅速变化的源泉。然而,丹尼森和库兹涅茨的方法,无论前者的剩余法,还是后者的长期统计分析法,都还不能直接衡量知识进展或知识存量对 First, the sign of the formation of knowledge-based economy As with anything, the formation of a knowledge-based economy needs to undergo a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. There are at least three signs of accomplishing this qualitative change. First, there is a qualitative change in the factors of production (economic resources) that play a decisive role in economic growth. In the 1960s and 1970s, when American economists conducted research and analysis on the factors of economic growth, they found the special contribution of knowledge to economic growth. E, F. In his analysis of the economic growth in the United States from 1948 to 1969, Denison found that the most important factors driving growth were “progress in knowledge” (referring to technological innovation and management, organizational improvement), and economic growth in the United States Contributed 31%; education contributed 14% over the same period. Knowledge progress and education play an important role in growth by raising productivity. S. Kuznets, winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize in economics, believes that one of the important factors of modern economic growth is the growth of the stock of knowledge. When the stock of technical knowledge and social knowledge is utilized, it becomes a high ratio of total economy Growth and the source of rapid changes in economic structure. However, the methods of Denison and Kuznets, both the former’s residual law and the latter’s long-term statistical analysis, can not directly measure the progress of knowledge or the stock of knowledge