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建立了梯度功能材料MIG焊熔积成形制备时磁场环境、焊枪及金属焊样的三维有限元模型.采用Maxwell涡流场及瞬态场对永磁场、交变磁场以及无外加磁场3种MIG焊工艺进行了模拟,并进行了相关实验验证.模拟结果表明,永磁场条件下,熔池受恒定强磁力作用,对熔化金属的搅拌能力弱,无法充分使Al粉和合金钢焊丝融合,不能实现制备梯度功能材料的目的;交变磁场条件下,因熔池受到轴向振荡磁力和横向挤压磁力的共同作用,对熔池的搅拌作用强,有助于梯度功能材料的熔积成形.实验结果与模拟结果符合良好,无磁场条件下,制备出的材料Al含量梯度功能不佳;永磁场条件下,Al粉无法进入焊样中;交变磁场条件下熔积成形的焊样中Al含量呈梯度分布.
A three-dimensional finite element model of magnetic field environment, welding torch and metal welding sample during MIG deposition was established.Maxwell eddy current field and transient field were used to simulate the MIG welding process of permanent magnetic field, alternating magnetic field and non-applied magnetic field The simulation results show that under the condition of permanent magnetic field, the molten pool is affected by the constant strong magnetic force and the mixing ability of the molten metal is weak and the Al powder and the alloy steel welding wire can not be sufficiently fused to be prepared Gradient function of the purpose of the material; under alternating magnetic field conditions, due to the molten pool by axial oscillation magnetic force and lateral squeezing magnetic force, the strong mixing of molten pool, contribute to the graded functional material deposition. The results show that the Al content gradient is not good under the condition of no magnetic field. Al powder can not enter the welding sample under the condition of permanent magnetic field. The content of Al in the welded sample under the condition of alternating magnetic field Gradient distribution.