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本文从语义、语用层面概括“应该”、“应当”的语义、语用异同,并专题讨论“应该”与“应当”的交叉点和倾向性,最后从文化学角度考察在表达谦虚辞谢时用“应该的”而不用“应当的”的原因:“应该”与“应当”的语义差别根源于语词内部语素义的相互制约;在各自发展道路上,“应当”的主观性程度得到不断加强,主观性大大强于“应该”;“应该”与“应当”在语法、语义、语用上都存在交叉点,遵循“程度浅向程度深”转化的原则前提下,二者可以相互替代,但在以下两种情况下“应当”不能代替“应该”:(1)“应该”表示“不确定”的含义;(2)“应该”作为独立短语做谓语。
This paper summarizes the semantic and pragmatic similarities and differences between “should” and “should”, and discusses the intersection and orientation of “should” and “should” in the semantic and pragmatic levels. Finally, The reason of using “should ” instead of “should ” when expressing modest rhetoric is that the semantic difference between “should” and “should” rooted in the mutual restriction of the meanings of the words in the interior; On the respective paths of development, the degree of subjectivity of “should ” has been continuously strengthened, the subjectivity is much stronger than “should ”; “should ” and “should ” in grammar, semantics and pragmatics There are intersections, follow the principle of “shallow degree of degree of depth” under the premise of the conversion, the two can replace each other, but in the following two cases “should ” can not replace “should ”: (1) “Should ” means “indefinite ” meaning; (2) “should ” as a predicate of an independent phrase.