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畜禽粪污的处理和污染物总量削减是畜禽养殖业主要关心的环保问题。该文以呼和浩特市某公司为例,通过为期一年的实地调研和监测研究北方地区典型产沼能源型规模化奶牛养殖场COD和氨氮的产排、削减情况。结果表明:(1)泌乳牛粪便、尿液、生产废水产生量共约50 kg/(头·d),在37.8~39℃条件下推流发酵26 d后,沼渣产生量占发酵前干物质的50%,沼液产生量占总发酵物料的73%,沼气产生量约占总发酵物料的1.8%。(2)泌乳牛粪污COD产生系数为1 040.91 g/(头·d),氨氮产生系数为27.27 g/(头·d)。(3)调节池可消减COD 5.90%,消减氨氮8.33%;在37.8~39℃条件下推流发酵26 d后,COD降解了33.84%,氨氮增加了100%;占总产生量19.87%的COD通过沼液回冲牛舍和沼渣作垫料内部消化,其余占总产生量40.17%的COD随剩余沼液还田。
The handling of livestock manure and the reduction of the total amount of pollutants are the major environmental concerns of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Taking a company in Hohhot as an example, this paper studied the production and reduction of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the typical dairy-producing dairy cattle farms in northern China through one-year field investigation and monitoring. The results showed that: (1) The production of excrement, urine and production wastewater in cow milk was about 50 kg / (d · d), and the amount of biogas residue after fermentation was 26 days at 37.8 ~ 39 ℃. 50% of the material, biogas production accounted for 73% of the total fermentation materials, biogas production accounted for about 1.8% of the total fermentation materials. (2) The coefficient of COD production of dairy cow dung was 1 040.91 g / (d · d), and the ammonia nitrogen production coefficient was 27.27 g / (d · d). (3) The control tank could reduce COD 5.90% and reduce ammonia nitrogen 8.33%. After the flow-through fermentation was carried out at 37.8-39 ℃ for 26 days, the COD degradation was 33.84% and the ammonia nitrogen was increased by 100%. The total COD production was 19.87% Through biogas slurry backwash barn and biogas residue for internal padding digestion, the remaining accounted for 40.17% of the total amount of COD with the remaining slurry back to the field.