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设计、施工、运行管理单位长期以来对大坝的各种术语,其解释并不完全一致,有时甚至互相矛盾。这使大坝安全管理工作中,用词出现混乱。下面为美国大坝安全委员会推荐的大坝通用术语汇编,它以国际大坝委员会ICOLD1978年出版的大坝技术字典为基础。术语以英文字母排序。〔坝座或坝肩〕abutment支承大坝的河谷两岸部分的岩体。从上游向下游看,位于左方的称为左坝座,位于右方的称为右坝座。当其岸壁没有适宜的天然坝座时,可筑人工坝座,如建造重力墩承受拱坝推力。
For a long time, the design, construction and operation management units did not interpret the various terminology of the dam in a consistent and sometimes contradictory manner. This caused confusion in the dam safety management work. The following is a compilation of general terminology for dams recommended by the U.S. Committee on Dam Safety, which is based on the International Monetary Commission’s ICOLD 1978 publication. Terminology is in alphabetical order. [Dam or abutment] abutment Rock mass supporting both banks of the dam. Viewed from upstream to downstream, the left dam located on the left side and the right dam located on the right side. When there is no suitable natural dam on the shore, artificial dam can be built, such as construction of gravity piers to withstand the arch dam thrust.