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目的探讨发育期慢性低浓度铅暴露对大鼠学习记忆及脑海马神经生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达影响。方法 30只孕鼠随机分为3组,自受孕1 d起,分别给予蒸馏水,0.05%,0.2%醋酸铅饮水,断乳后仔鼠自行饮用含铅水,至出生后28 d;生后56 d用水迷宫方法测试仔鼠学习记忆行为改变;蛋白印迹实验(Western blot)方法检测脑海马GAP-43蛋白表达。结果发育期慢性低浓度铅暴露可致大鼠空间学习记忆能力下降,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生后1、3、7、14、21、28 d,0.05%,0.2%醋酸铅组脑海马GAP-43表达量分别为(0.258±0.089)、(0.832±0.021)、(0.806±0.047)、(0.933±0.010)、(0.593±0.004)、(0.437±0.015)和(0.115±0.010)、(0.590±0.018)、(0.680±0.027)、(0.703±0.004)、(0.450±0.014)、(0.325±0.007),均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论铅致仔鼠空间学习能力下降,与脑海马GAP-43蛋白表达水平下降有关。
Objective To investigate the effects of chronic low lead exposure during developmental stages on the learning and memory and the expression of neural growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in hippocampus of rats. Methods Thirty pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups. From the first day of pregnancy, distilled water, 0.05% and 0.2% lead acetate were respectively given to drinking water. After weaning, The changes of learning and memory behaviors of pups were tested by water maze method. The expression of GAP-43 protein in hippocampus was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the chronic exposure to low concentrations of lead resulted in a significant decrease in spatial learning and memory abilities in rats (P <0.05). After 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days, %, The expression levels of GAP-43 in hippocampus of 0.2% lead acetate group were (0.258 ± 0.089), (0.832 ± 0.021), (0.806 ± 0.047), (0.933 ± 0.010), (0.593 ± 0.004) (0.115 ± 0.010), (0.590 ± 0.018), (0.680 ± 0.027), (0.703 ± 0.004), (0.450 ± 0.014) and (0.325 ± 0.007), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The lead-induced pups¡¯ spatial learning ability is decreased, which is related to the decrease of GAP-43 protein expression in hippocampus.