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不对称是语言中普遍存在的现象,“上/下”及其相关结构的不对称在形式和意义上都有极其明显的表现。文中作者首先指出,“上/下”的不对称是源于其原型的不对称;接着利用认知语言学的词义分析理论对“上/下”在空间域的具体含义进行了详细的分析和解释,阐述了其不对称的主要表现。作者借助隐喻投射,认为“上/下”的方位词用法向其它词类转移后,引起了新的不对称;最后作者分析了其不对称的认知合理性,指出这种不对称的形成有客观的物质基础,同时又受制于具体的民族文化环境。
Asymmetry is a ubiquitous phenomenon in language. The asymmetry of “up / down” and its related structures is extremely obvious both in form and in meaning. The author first points out that the asymmetry of “upper / lower” stems from the asymmetry of its prototype. Then, using the theory of semantic analysis of cognitive linguistics, the specific meaning of “upper / lower” in the spatial domain Detailed analysis and explanation, expounded the main performance of its asymmetry. After metaphorical projection, the author thinks that the usage of “upper / lower” locative words shifts to other parts of speech, causing new asymmetry. Finally, the author analyzes the asymmetrical cognitive rationality and points out the formation of such asymmetry There is an objective material basis, at the same time subject to the specific national and cultural environment.