采用盆栽试验,研究了不同供氮水平对花生植株硝酸盐累积、分布及产量的影响。结果表明,花生荚果产量随施氮量的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势,当施用量为N 150.9 kg/hm2时产量最高;植株硝酸盐含量、累积量和累积速率基本随施氮量的增加而提高。同一氮素水平,不同器官的硝酸盐含量因生育期不同存在较大差异,幼苗和花针期茎中的含量最高,饱果成熟期地下器官的含量明显高于地上器官;全生育期叶片和茎中的硝酸盐含量随生育进程逐步降低,而子仁和果壳中含量逐步增加;收获时硝酸盐在茎中的分配比例随施氮量的增加而提高,在根中的分配比例下降。在一定的氮素水平内(≤N135 kg/hm2),硝酸盐在子仁中的分配比例与供氮水平一致,但过量施氮会导致在营养体中的比例上升,子仁中的比例下降,其它器官规律不明显。在本试验范围内,子仁及其它器官中的硝酸盐含量均未超出WHO和FAO制定的标准,未造成硝酸盐污染;但过量施氮能够显著提高花生荚果和耕层土壤硝酸盐含量。因此,综合考虑花生品质、单位肥料的增产量以及生态效应,花生适宜的施氮量为N 90 kg/hm2。 Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen levels on nitrate accumulation, distribution and yield of peanut plants. The results showed that the yield of peanut pod showed a quadratic curve with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The highest yield was obtained when the application rate was N 150.9 kg / hm2. The nitrate content, accumulation rate and accumulation rate of plant were basically increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate improve. At the same nitrogen level, the nitrate content in different organs varied greatly due to different growth stages. The contents of seedlings and flower needles in the stems were the highest, and the contents of the underground organs in the full fruit ripening stage were significantly higher than those in the aboveground organs. The content of nitrate in stems decreased gradually with the growth process, while that in kernels and husks increased gradually. The distribution ratio of nitrate in stems increased with the increase of nitrogen rate at harvest, but decreased in roots. At a given nitrogen level (≤135 kg / hm2), the distribution of nitrate in the kernels is in line with the level of nitrogen supply, but excessive nitrogen application leads to an increase in the nutrient body and a decrease in the proportion of kernels , Other organs of the law is not obvious. In the experimental range, nitrate content in seeds and other organs did not exceed the standards set by WHO and FAO and did not cause nitrate pollution. However, excessive nitrogen application could significantly increase the nitrate content in peanut pod and top soil. Therefore, considering the quality of peanut, yield increase of unit fertilizer and ecological effect, the suitable N application rate for peanut is N 90 kg / hm2.