作者是瑞典籍的一位左翼学者。虽然,他的社会背景和表达习惯不完全与我们相同,但是,他对近20年中、东欧的,重点是匈牙利的社会转变状况和后果的论述,是客观和可信的。他认为,自从匈牙利引入新自由主义的改革方案,在经济领域实行私有化的自由市场资本主义模式,在政治领域实行资本主义民主制,一夜之间就使整个社会变了颜色。回顾匈牙利自1989年以来的演变轨迹,这种“休克式变革”的结果是不理想的。经济不景气、失业、贫富差距和地区差距扩大等问题,长期困扰着匈牙利。新自由主义模式和过于激进的改革,是其中的主要原因。但只有回归马克思主义传统视角,并结合资本主义的新变化及其不断向全球扩张,导致世界不均衡发展的这一本质,才能更深刻地理解匈牙利的现状。 The author is a left-wing Swedish scholar. Although his social background and expression habits are not exactly the same as ours, his dissertation on the status and consequences of the social transformation in Hungary in the past 20 years and in Eastern Europe, with a focus on Hungary, is objective and credible. He believes that since Hungary introduced the neoliberal reform program and implemented the privatized free-market capitalist model in the economic field, the implementation of capitalist democracy in the political field has changed the entire community overnight. Looking back at Hungary’s evolutionary trajectory since 1989, this “shock-like change” is not ideal. The economic downturn, unemployment, the gap between the rich and the poor and the widening of the regional gap have long plagued Hungary. The neoliberal model and over radical reforms are one of the major reasons. However, only by returning to the traditional Marxist perspective and by combining with the new changes in capitalism and its continuous expansion to the world and the unbalanced development of the world can we gain a deeper understanding of the current situation in Hungary.