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引述或转述别人的话称为 “引语”。直接引用别人的原话，并且用引号标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，这叫做间接引语。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外（祈使句转化为动词不定式）。直接引语变成间接引语时，先需要对直接引语部分的句子作分析，来确定连词的选用；其次在转变过程中还需要对句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等作变化，归纳起来可以浓缩为：1.变引号确定连接词；2.变人称（遵循“一主，二宾，三不变” ）3.变时态；4.变时间、地点状语等。直接引语变间接引语时过程比较复杂，在改写中应具体注意以下几点：
（1） 连词使用
若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接引语时，要用连词that（可以省略）。若直接引语引号里的内容是一般疑问句，那么改为间接引语时，要用连词if/whether（不可以省略）。若直接引语引号里的内容是特殊问句，那么改为间接引语时，要用wh-（即本身的疑问词）连词来引导（不可省略）。
（2） 主句动词的变化
一般来说，主句谓语动词常为said 或said to ，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊问句时，则要把said 或said to 变为asked/ asked sb.。
（3） 从句人称的变化
由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循“一主、二宾、三不变”原则。 1.如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的人称保持一致。2.如果直接引语的主语是第二人称， 变间接引语时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。3.如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称不变。
如：1.They said，“ We will go there by bus.”
→They said （that） they would go there by bus.（直接引语的主语we是第一人称，应和主句主语人称they一致，故改为they ）
2. She said to me , “ Are you interested in English?”
→She asked me if I was interested in English. (直接引语的主语you 是第二人称, 变间接引语时应和主句的宾语me保持一致, 故改为I )
3. His mother said to me , “ He can’t go to school.”
→His mother told me that he couldn’t go to school. (直接引语的主语he 是第三人称, 变间接引语时人称保持不变, 故仍用he)
（4）从句动词时态的变化
1）如果主句的时态是一般过去时, 从句的时态则用相应的过去某种时态(即:过去进行时, 一般过去时, 过去完成时,过去将来时),具体变化为: 一般现在时→一般过去时; 一般过去时→过去完成时; 现在进行时→过去进行时; 现在完成时→过去完成时; 过去完成时→过去完成时; 一般将来时→过去将来时。
如: He said, “I’m very tired.”
→He said that he was very tired.(一般现在时改为一般过去时)
Tom said, “I’m watching TV.”
→Tom said that he was watching TV.(现在进行时改为过去进行时)
She said, “I’ve seen the film.”
→She said that she had seen the film.(现在完成时改为过去完成时)
He said, “We’ll have a party this week.”
→He said that they would have a party that week.(一般将来时改为过去将来时)
He said to his mum, “ I finished my homework two hours ago.”
→He said to his mum that he had finished his homework two hours ago.(一般过去时改为过去完成时)
2)直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,变间接引语时从句的时态仍用原时态(即保持不变)。
如： He says，“I have finished my homework.”
→He says that he has finished his homework.
Lucy will say，“I will do it tomorrow.”
→Lucy will say that she will do it the next day.
（5）时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示性代词和动词的变化
1）时间状语： now → then； today → that day； tonight → that night； this
morning /week→ that morning / week；tomorrow → the next （following） day；
yesterday → the day before； next year → the next year；last week/month→
the week/ month before； two days ago → two days before
2）指示代词： this→that； these→those
3）地点状语： here→there
4）动词： come→go； bring→take
如： She said， “I won’t come here any more.”
→She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.
He said，“ This will be finished tomorrow.”
→He said that would be finished the next day.
（6）直接引语变间接引语时, 下列几种情况从句时态无须变化
1) 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时， 如：
He said，“ I went to college in 1994.”
→He told us that he went to college in 1994.
2) 当直接引语是客观真理、自然现象或谚语、格言时,如:
He said to us, “ Light travels faster than sound.”
→He told us that light travels faster than sound.
He said, “Practice makes perfect.”
→He said that practice makes perfect.
此外, 转述中的变化要因实际情况而定, 不能机械照搬。 如果当地转述, here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go, 如果当天转述,yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改。如:
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
（7）表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb. （not） to do sth.
当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb. （not） to do sth.；
当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb. （not） do sth.；
当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb.（not） to do sth.。
【同步训练】
1. “I’m doing some important work.” Mr Smith said.
Mr Smith said __________________ some important work.
2. “Who are you looking for？” Tom asked Sandy.
Tom asked Sandy __________________ looking for.
3. “We’ll help you with your English.” said he.
He said that __________________ help _____ with _____ English.
4.Millie asked where her book was.
Millie asked， “____________________？”
5. “ I want to know if you can learn it by yourselves.” the teacher said.
The teacher said _________ to know if ________ learn it by ______.
6.My mother asked me， “ Have you finished your homework yet？”
My mother asked me __________________ finished homework yet.
7. Mr Wu asked us where we had found the lost boy the day before.
Mr Wu asked， “___________you _____ the lost boy ？”
8.The teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.”
The teacher ______ us _____ the earth ______ around the sun.
9. “Who did you see in the room？” I asked Mary.
I asked Mary ____________________ in the room.
10.Tom said to me， “ Don’t be late for class again.”
Tom ____ me __________________ late for class again.
Keys:1.he was doing 2.who she was 3.they would，us，our 4.where is my book 5.he wanted，we could，ourselves 6.if I had，my 7.where did，find，yesterday 8.told，that，goes 9.who she had seen 10.asked，not to be
（1） 连词使用
若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接引语时，要用连词that（可以省略）。若直接引语引号里的内容是一般疑问句，那么改为间接引语时，要用连词if/whether（不可以省略）。若直接引语引号里的内容是特殊问句，那么改为间接引语时，要用wh-（即本身的疑问词）连词来引导（不可省略）。
（2） 主句动词的变化
一般来说，主句谓语动词常为said 或said to ，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊问句时，则要把said 或said to 变为asked/ asked sb.。
（3） 从句人称的变化
由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循“一主、二宾、三不变”原则。 1.如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的人称保持一致。2.如果直接引语的主语是第二人称， 变间接引语时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。3.如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称不变。
如：1.They said，“ We will go there by bus.”
→They said （that） they would go there by bus.（直接引语的主语we是第一人称，应和主句主语人称they一致，故改为they ）
2. She said to me , “ Are you interested in English?”
→She asked me if I was interested in English. (直接引语的主语you 是第二人称, 变间接引语时应和主句的宾语me保持一致, 故改为I )
3. His mother said to me , “ He can’t go to school.”
→His mother told me that he couldn’t go to school. (直接引语的主语he 是第三人称, 变间接引语时人称保持不变, 故仍用he)
（4）从句动词时态的变化
1）如果主句的时态是一般过去时, 从句的时态则用相应的过去某种时态(即:过去进行时, 一般过去时, 过去完成时,过去将来时),具体变化为: 一般现在时→一般过去时; 一般过去时→过去完成时; 现在进行时→过去进行时; 现在完成时→过去完成时; 过去完成时→过去完成时; 一般将来时→过去将来时。
如: He said, “I’m very tired.”
→He said that he was very tired.(一般现在时改为一般过去时)
Tom said, “I’m watching TV.”
→Tom said that he was watching TV.(现在进行时改为过去进行时)
She said, “I’ve seen the film.”
→She said that she had seen the film.(现在完成时改为过去完成时)
He said, “We’ll have a party this week.”
→He said that they would have a party that week.(一般将来时改为过去将来时)
He said to his mum, “ I finished my homework two hours ago.”
→He said to his mum that he had finished his homework two hours ago.(一般过去时改为过去完成时)
2)直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,变间接引语时从句的时态仍用原时态(即保持不变)。
如： He says，“I have finished my homework.”
→He says that he has finished his homework.
Lucy will say，“I will do it tomorrow.”
→Lucy will say that she will do it the next day.
（5）时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示性代词和动词的变化
1）时间状语： now → then； today → that day； tonight → that night； this
morning /week→ that morning / week；tomorrow → the next （following） day；
yesterday → the day before； next year → the next year；last week/month→
the week/ month before； two days ago → two days before
2）指示代词： this→that； these→those
3）地点状语： here→there
4）动词： come→go； bring→take
如： She said， “I won’t come here any more.”
→She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.
He said，“ This will be finished tomorrow.”
→He said that would be finished the next day.
（6）直接引语变间接引语时, 下列几种情况从句时态无须变化
1) 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时， 如：
He said，“ I went to college in 1994.”
→He told us that he went to college in 1994.
2) 当直接引语是客观真理、自然现象或谚语、格言时,如:
He said to us, “ Light travels faster than sound.”
→He told us that light travels faster than sound.
He said, “Practice makes perfect.”
→He said that practice makes perfect.
此外, 转述中的变化要因实际情况而定, 不能机械照搬。 如果当地转述, here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go, 如果当天转述,yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改。如:
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
（7）表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb. （not） to do sth.
当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb. （not） to do sth.；
当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb. （not） do sth.；
当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb.（not） to do sth.。
【同步训练】
1. “I’m doing some important work.” Mr Smith said.
Mr Smith said __________________ some important work.
2. “Who are you looking for？” Tom asked Sandy.
Tom asked Sandy __________________ looking for.
3. “We’ll help you with your English.” said he.
He said that __________________ help _____ with _____ English.
4.Millie asked where her book was.
Millie asked， “____________________？”
5. “ I want to know if you can learn it by yourselves.” the teacher said.
The teacher said _________ to know if ________ learn it by ______.
6.My mother asked me， “ Have you finished your homework yet？”
My mother asked me __________________ finished homework yet.
7. Mr Wu asked us where we had found the lost boy the day before.
Mr Wu asked， “___________you _____ the lost boy ？”
8.The teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.”
The teacher ______ us _____ the earth ______ around the sun.
9. “Who did you see in the room？” I asked Mary.
I asked Mary ____________________ in the room.
10.Tom said to me， “ Don’t be late for class again.”
Tom ____ me __________________ late for class again.
Keys:1.he was doing 2.who she was 3.they would，us，our 4.where is my book 5.he wanted，we could，ourselves 6.if I had，my 7.where did，find，yesterday 8.told，that，goes 9.who she had seen 10.asked，not to be