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根据我们几年来的观察,小麦越冬期有四个明显的生长特点: (一)抗寒锻炼:小麦出苗到越冬前是生长茎叶、分蘖的营养生长时间,适时播种的小麦一般有80天左右。冬前,主茎能够长出5—6片叶子,单株分蘖3—5个。当夜间气温降低到0—7℃,正值麦苗3—4片叶进入春化阶段,这时昼夜温差大(一天内气温高低相差14—16℃),十分有利于糖分的积累,立冬至大雪节,植株糖分积累迅速,据测定:含糖量可达19.6—21.3％,使细胞液不易结冰,能抵抗零下7—12℃的低温。大雪至小寒节,细胞粘度增加,可抵抗零下22°—25℃的低温。
According to our observations over the past few years, winter wheat overwintering has four distinct growth characteristics: (A) cold hardiness: wheat emergence before winter is the growth of stems and leaves, tillering vegetative growth time, timely sowing of wheat is generally about 80 days . Before winter, the main stem can grow 5-6 leaves, 3-5 tillers per plant. When the temperature is reduced to 0-7 ℃ at night, 3-4 leaves of wheat seedlings are entering the vernalization stage. At this time, the temperature difference between day and night is big (the temperature difference between days 14-16 ℃), which is very conducive to the accumulation of sugar. Festival, the rapid accumulation of sugar plants, according to the determination: the sugar content of up to 19.6-21.3%, so that the liquid cell is not easy to freeze, can withstand temperatures below minus 7-12 ℃. Snow to the small cold section of the cell viscosity increases, can withstand temperatures below minus 22 ° -25 ℃.