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水解,尤其是盐类的水解,在无机试剂的生产过程中应用甚广,从制备到分离、从蒸发结晶到成品检验无所不用。这是因为无机试剂的品种多为无机盐,除强酸强碱盐外无机盐又都有不同程度的水解性质,而水又是普遍使用的溶剂。 H_2O是一种弱电解质,其电离式为 H_2O?H~++OH~-,K_(w)=1×10~(-14) 当无机物与H_2O相遇时,如能与H_2O中之H~+或OH~-离子形成弱电解质或难溶物,H_2O的电离平衡即被破坏并向解离方向移动直到建立新的平衡为止。水解平衡是化学平衡之一。它服从于化学平衡的规律。
Hydrolysis, especially the hydrolysis of salts, is widely used in the production of inorganic reagents, from preparation to separation, from evaporation crystallization to finished product testing. This is because most of the inorganic reagents are inorganic salts. In addition to the strong acid and alkali salts, inorganic salts have different degrees of hydrolysis, and water is a commonly used solvent. H_2O is a kind of weak electrolyte, its ionization is H_2O ~ H ~ + + OH ~ -, K_ (w) = 1 × 10 ~ (-14) When inorganic matter and H_2O meet, + Or OH ~ - ion to form a weak electrolyte or insoluble matter, H_2O ionization equilibrium is destroyed and move to the dissociation direction until a new balance is established. Hydrolytic balance is one of chemical equilibrium. It is subject to the laws of chemical equilibrium.