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目的掌握湖北省输入性疟疾发病态势,探索有效的防控措施。方法收集1999~2012年全省输入性疟疾网报疫情、个案调查、主动监测资料,对病例进行人群、时间、地点分布及发病与就诊、防控效果分析。结果 1999~2012年全省报告输入疟疾457例,其中恶性疟占60.17%(死亡7例)、间日疟占38.95%、卵形疟占0.44%、三日疟占0.44%。发病年龄17~69岁,男女比为24:1。全年各月都有发病,春节前后发病占40.49%。从非洲输入病例占62.39%、东南亚占27.43%,务工人员输入疟疾占93.36%。输入疟疾发病地分布中武汉市占51.99%、宜昌市占9.29%、恩施州占7.96%。主动监测同行回归人员带虫率为19.96%。患者发病至就诊时间平均为8.91d,当天就诊率占15.27%,对病人及疫点监测未发现继发病例。结论输入性疟疾逐年呈上升态势;健全防控网络和建立医疗救治中心是减少输入性重症疟疾发生的有效措施;对患者开展流行病学调查和同行回归人员主动监测,规范治疗现症病人及时处置疫点是遏制继发病例的有效手段;加强务工人员疟防知识宣传和健全防护措施是降低务工人员感染疟疾的有效策略。
Objective To master the incidence of imported malaria in Hubei Province and explore effective prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic situation, case investigation and active monitoring data of imported malaria from 1999 to 2012 in our province were collected. The population, time and place of the cases were collected and the incidence, treatment and prevention and control effects were analyzed. Results 457 cases of malaria were imported from 1999 to 2012 in our province, of which 60.17% were from falciparum malaria, 7 from malaria, 38.95% from malaria, 0.44% from ovale and 0.44% from malaria. Age onset of 17 to 69 years old, male to female ratio of 24: 1. Disease occurs throughout the year, before and after the Spring Festival incidence of 40.49%. 62.39% were imported from Africa, 27.43% from Southeast Asia and 93.36% from migrant workers. The distribution of malaria incidence in Wuhan accounted for 51.99%, Yichang City accounted for 9.29%, Enshi Prefecture accounted for 7.96%. Take the initiative to monitor the return of counterparts with helminth rate of 19.96%. The average time from onset of illness to treatment was 8.91 days, while the rate of visiting on the day was 15.27%. No secondary cases were found in the surveillance of patients and epidemic sites. Conclusions Input malaria is on an upward trend year by year. Sound prevention and control network and establishment of medical treatment center are effective measures to reduce the occurrence of imported severe malaria. Epidemiological investigation and active monitoring of patients returning from the same profession are carried out to standardize the treatment of patients with immediate illness Outbreaks are effective measures to curb secondary cases. Strengthening malaria prevention and awareness campaigns among workers and sound protective measures are effective strategies to reduce malaria among workers.