AIM: To evaluate the influence of an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and fasudil on the retinal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα),and caspase 3 levels in a diabetic rabbit model. · METHODS: The study included 6 healthy rabbits(Group 1),6 rabbits with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus(DM)(Group 2),7 rabbits with experimentally induced DM to which intravitreal bevacizumab was administered(Group 3),and 7 rabbits with experimentally induced DM to which intravitreal fasudil was administered(Group 4). An intravitreal injection of 1.25mg/50μL bevacizumab in the right eye of rabbits in Group 3 and an intravitreal injection of 0.0064mg/50μL fasudil in the right eye of rabbits in Group 4 were administered on day 21 after the induction of DM. The studied eyes of the rabbits were enucleated three days after the intravitreal injection. The TNFα,VEGF,and caspase 3 levels were determined using the ELISA method. · RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the VEGF and caspase 3 levels between groups(P =0.005 and P =0.013,respectively),but the TNF α level did not differ significantly between groups(P = 0.792). It was found that VEGF levels were significantly lower in Group 1 and Group 3 than in Group 2 using the Mann-Whitney U test with the Bonferroni correction(P = 0.004 for both comparison). There was no statistically significant difference between other groups with regard to VEGF levels(the P value ranged between 0.015 and 0.886). Although the P values of the caspase 3 levels were 0.015 for Group 1 and Group 4,0.038 for Group 2and Group 3,and 0.018 for Group 3 and Group 4,these P values remained above the threshold P value of 0.0083,which was the statistically significant level for post hoc tests. ·CONCLUSION: An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab decreased both the VEGF level,which plays a role in angiogenesis,and the caspase 3 level,which plays a role in apoptosis. Although not as effective as bevacizumab,fasudil had a beneficial effect on the VEGF levels but significantly increased the caspase 3 levels. AIM: To evaluate the influence of an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and fasudil on the retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and caspase 3 levels in a diabetic rabbit model. · METHODS: The study included 6 Healthy rabbits (Group 1), 6 rabbits with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus (DM) (Group 2), 7 rabbits with experimentally induced DM to which rab rabbits with experimentally induced DM to which intravitreal fasudil was administered (Group 4). An intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg / 50 μL bevacizumab in the right eye of rabbits in Group 3 and an intravitreal injection of 0.0064 mg / 50 μL fasudil in the right eye of rabbits in Group 4 administered on day 21 after the induction of DM. The studied eyes of the rabbits were enucleated three days after the intravitreal injection. The TNFα, VEGF, and caspase 3 levels were determined using the ELISA method. RESULTS: There was a statist (P = 0.792). It was found that the VEGF levels were significantly lower (P = 0.005 and P = 0.013, respectively), but the TNFα level did not differ significantly between groups in Group 1 and Group 3 than in Group 2 using the Mann-Whitney U test with the Bonferroni correction (P = 0.004 for both comparison). There was no statistically significant difference between other groups with regard to VEGF levels (the P value ranged between 0.015 and 0.886). Although P values ​​of the caspase 3 levels were 0.015 for Group 1 and Group 4, 0.038 for Group 2 and Group 3, and 0.018 for Group 3 and Group 4, these P values ​​consistently above the threshold P value of 0.0083 , which was the significant level for post hoc tests. · CONCLUSION: An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab decreased both in the VEGF level, which plays a role in angiogenesis, and the caspase 3 level, which plays a role in apoptosis. as b evacizumab, fasudil had a beneficial effect on the VEGF levels but significantly increased the caspase 3 levels.