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顾炎武的“仁义”观与孔、孟、程、朱思想一脉相承,同时又具有针砭时弊的鲜明时代特色。他在《日知录》卷十三“正始”条提出的“保天下者,匹夫之贱与有责”的论断,是传统爱国主义精神的经典表述。其本意,一是强调普天下全体民众是国家责任的承担者,二是明确提出人心是国家命运之根本,而仁义道德则是维系人心之命脉。顾炎武对“仁义”概念的阐发极为平实,处处关合改良人心的主旨,反复强调“仁义”之道人人力所能及,深刻揭示出社会进步的原动力之所在,在其时其世具有进步意义。
Gu Yanwu’s concept of “benevolence and righteousness” conforms to Kong, Meng, Cheng and Zhu ideologies in the same strain. His assertion in the article entitled “The Beginning of the Thirteen” in the “Daily Record” is a classic expression of the traditional patriotism. First, it emphasizes that all the people in the world are the bearers of state responsibility. Second, it is clearly stated that the heart is the foundation of the country’s destiny, while the virtue and morality are the lifeblood of the people. Gu Yanwu’s interpretation of the concept of “benevolence” is extremely smooth, and he always touches on the theme of improving people’s minds. Repeatedly emphasizing the human will of people under the “benevolence and virtue” profoundly reveals where the motive power of social progress has been, significance.