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社会保障问题的研究有制度主义和文化解析两大取向。按制度主义观点,实现社会保障公平的最主要手段是社会保障制度的创新发展。从系统思维的视角来看,中国社会保障实践存在着经济、社会和政治的变迁、治理转型、府际关系、治理体系及运行机制五个基本政策要素的内在结构、理论范式及政策依托的理念,以改革开放后中国政府执政理念的四大阶段的动态变化状况为研究载体,通过类比研究和逻辑推理,对中国社会保障治理转型的演进和固化进行理论概化,提出中国社会保障治理结构的八个理论推论。中国社会保障政策的制定与实施脱离了法治保障嵌入的结构,而依赖于行政手段是社会保障治理陷入困境的关键致因。鉴于此,中国社会保障的发展应嵌入现代化的社会建设、社会建构主义和社会治理理念,通过法治保障增进制度创新,综合推动中国社会保障治理结构的整体优化和结构演进。
The study of social security has two major orientations: institutionalism and cultural analysis. In the view of institutionalism, the most important means of achieving social equity is the innovation and development of the social security system. From the perspective of system thinking, there are economic, social and political changes in China’s social security practices. The internal structure, theoretical paradigms and policy-based concepts of the five basic policy elements of governance transformation and intergovernmental relations, governance systems and operational mechanisms , Taking the dynamic changes of the four phases of the Chinese government’s governing concept as the research carrier after the reform and opening up, through the analogy research and logical reasoning, it makes a theoretical generalization of the evolution and solidification of China’s social security governance transformation and puts forward the structure of China’s social security governance Eight theoretical inferences. The formulation and implementation of the social security policy in China has broken away from the embedded structure of the rule of law and the reliance on administrative measures is the key cause of the social security governance in trouble. In view of this, the development of China’s social security should be embedded in the modern concept of social construction, social constructivism and social governance, promote institutional innovation through the rule of law, and comprehensively promote the overall optimization and structural evolution of China’s social security governance structure.