热力学第二定律共给出三个热力学函数,即熵(S),功函数(F)和自由能(G)。这三个函数都是状态的单值函数,其最根本的属性是当某一热力学状态一旦确定,则其数值立刻就被确定下来;当体系发生一热力学过程时,其增量只和体系的始末态有关而和过程的性质无关。 The second law of thermodynamics altogether gives three thermodynamic functions, namely entropy (S), work function (F) and free energy (G). All three functions are single-valued functions of the state. The most fundamental property of the three functions is that once a certain thermodynamic state is determined, its value is immediately determined. When a thermodynamic process occurs in a system, its increment is only proportional to the system’s The state of the past and the state has nothing to do with the nature of the process.