“以实验为基础”是中学科学学科的基本特征,科学实验论告诉我们:科学实验是科学赖以形成和发展的基础,是检验科学知识真理性的标准;是科学教学中学生获取科学的经验知识和检验科学知识的重要媒体和手段,是提高学生科学素质的重要内容和途径。科学能力是科学素质教育的核心,中学生基本的科学能力包括:观察能力、实验能力、科学思维能力。抽象思维和形象思维能力是科学思维能力的两大基本成分,二者的有机结合构成直觉思维能力。学习能力即自己获取知识的综合能力,既与观察、实验、 Science-based theory tells us that science experiments are the basis for the formation and development of science, the standard for testing the truth of scientific knowledge, and the science-based students’ access to science The important media and means of experiential knowledge and testing of scientific knowledge are important contents and ways to improve the scientific quality of students. Scientific ability is the core of scientific quality education. The basic scientific ability of middle school students includes: observation ability, experiment ability and scientific thinking ability. Abstract thinking and image thinking ability are two basic components of scientific thinking ability. The organic combination of the two forms an intuitive thinking ability. Learning ability that is their ability to acquire knowledge, both with observation, experiment,