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目的对白花丹参种质资源进行遗传改良,拟创造出白花丹参同源四倍体新种质。方法对未成熟种子,采用组织培养方法,用秋水仙碱进行诱变处理。结果获得了17株同源四倍体,其中一株为四倍体非整倍体。经种植观察,四倍体白花丹参在株高、冠幅、叶片大小、叶片厚度、叶柄绒毛、花、花药、花粉粒大小等方面都明显大或高于原二倍体白花丹参;每株根条数和根粗与倍性成正相关,根部药材产量四倍体株系间虽有显著差异,但多数株系都高于二倍体对照,其中4～5号四倍体单株根部药材产量是二倍体白花丹参的3.19倍;丹参多酚酸、丹参酮等主要药物成分也都高于二倍体对照。结论四倍体白花丹参新种质在丹参遗传改良和多倍体杂种优势利用方面具有重要应用价值。
Objective To genetically improve the germplasm resources of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. In order to create a new autotetraploid tetraploid germplasm of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods For immature seeds, tissue culture methods were used and colchicine was used for mutagenesis. As a result, 17 autotetraploids were obtained, one of which was a tetraploid aneuploid. After planting observation, the tetraploid white flower Salvia miltiorrhiza was significantly larger or higher than the original diploid white flower Salvia miltiorrhiza in plant height, crown width, leaf size, leaf thickness, petiole villus, flower, anther, and pollen grain size; The number of roots and root diameter were positively correlated with ploidy. Although there were significant differences among the tetraploid strains of root medicinal materials, most of the strains were higher than the diploid control, and the yield of roots of tetraploid plants from No. 4 to No. 5 was obtained. It is 3.19 times that of diploid white flower salvia miltiorrhiza; the major drug components such as Salvia polyphenolic acid and tanshinone are also higher than diploid control. Conclusion The new germplasm of tetraploid Salvia miltiorrhiza has important application value in the genetic improvement and polyploid heterosis utilization of Salvia miltiorrhiza.