Tephrosia purpurea(L.) Pers. is popularly known as ‘Sarapunkha’ in classical Ayurvedic texts. It is a perennial plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and occurs throughout the Indian subcontinent. T. purpurea is traditionally used to treat spleenomegaly, cirrhosis, cough and cold, abdominal swelling and as an antidote in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of semiglabrin, pongamole, lanceolatins A and B, rutin, lupeol, and β-sitosterol. Flavonoids including(+)-tephrorin A and B,(+)-tephrosone, an isoflavone, 7, 4’-dihydroxy-3’, 5’-dimethoxyisoflavone and a chalcone,(+)-tephropurpurin were isolated from the whole plant. Pharmacological activities of different parts of the plant reported include anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antitumor and insect repellent activity. In the present review, the literature on the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Tephrosia purpurea(L.) Pers. are summarized to August, 2012. It is a perennial plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and said throughout the Indian subcontinent. T. purpurea is traditionally used to treat spleenomegaly, cirrhosis, cough and cold, abdominal swelling and as an antidote in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of semiglabrin, pongamole, lanceolatins A and B, rutin, lupeol, and beta- sitosterol. Flavonoids including (+) - tephrorin A and (+) - tephrosone, an isoflavone, 7,4’-dihydroxy-3 ’, 5’-dimethoxyisoflavone and a chalcone, (+) - tephropurpurin were isolated from the whole plant. Pharmacological activities of different parts of the plant reported include the anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antitumor and insect repellent activity. In the present review, the literature on the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of T ephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. are summarized to August, 2012.