当今商品经济对文坛的冲击铺天盖地,已势不可挡。从表面看,这种冲击只表现为文人的贫困化、文学与美学研究的低潮以及劣等文艺作品的泛滥等等;但从深层看,它表现为思维模式的革命,亦即“深度模式”的消解。“深度模式”作为一种文化特征和思维方式,在西方一直占居主导地位,它的特点可以概括为二分法及超越性,即认为在现象背后必有本质、表层背后必有深层、现时背后必有历史、符号背后必有意义。思维活动也就是解释活动,由现象到本质、由表层到深层、由现时到历史、由符号到意义(能指到所指)。杰姆逊认为:辩证法(黑格尔与马克思)对现象与本质的区分、精神分析对意识与无意识的区分、存在主义对确实性与非确实性的区分,以及符号学对能指与所指的区分,是四种典 The impact of today’s commodity economy on the literary arena is overwhelming. On the surface, this kind of impact manifests itself only as the impoverishment of literati, the ebb of literature and aesthetics and the proliferation of inferior literary and artistic works. However, from a deep perspective, it manifests itself as a revolution in thinking mode, that is, the “depth mode” Digestion. As a cultural feature and mode of thinking, the “depth pattern” has been dominant in the West for a long time. Its characteristics can be summed up as dichotomy and transcendence. That is to say, there must be a substance behind the phenomenon. There must be history, there must be meaning behind the sign. Thinking activity is also an activity of interpretation, from phenomenon to essence, from surface to deep, from present to historical, from symbol to meaning. Jameson argues that the distinction between phenomenology and essence in dialectics (Hegel and Marx), the distinction between consciousness and unconsciousness in psychoanalysis, the distinction between exactness and inaccuracy in existentialism, and the influence of semiotics on both signifier and signifier The distinction is four types of code