论文部分内容阅读
美国自1828年开始兴建铁路以来,投资180亿美元,历时88年建成世界最大铁路网,成为铁路王国。随着本世纪二、三十年代汽车运输的发展,政府致力于公路建设,第二次世界大战后,投资1000多亿美元修建全长6.8万公里的州际高速公路网,公路总里程达630万公里,各种汽车近2亿辆,占世界首位而成为汽车王国。同时,航空工业的发展使铁路客运受到冲击,1970年绝大部分客运已为公路所取代。铁路货运除公路竞争外,成本低的水运和廉价安全的管道运输占去货运量的大部分,铁路运输日趋衰退,亏损严重,美国自二十年代后开始拆除营业亏损铁路,到1989年已拆了近一半,尚余20多万公里。
Since the United States started construction of the railway in 1828, it has invested 18 billion U.S. dollars and lasted for 88 years to build the largest railway network in the world and become a railway kingdom. With the development of motor transport in the 1920s and 1930s, the government devoted itself to road construction. After the Second World War, it invested over 100 billion U.S. dollars in the construction of an interstate highway network with a total length of 68,000 kilometers. The total length of the highway was 630 Wan kilometers, a variety of cars nearly 200000000, occupy the first place in the world and become a car kingdom. At the same time, the development of the aviation industry has hit the railway passenger transport. In 1970, the vast majority of passenger transport was replaced by highways. In addition to the competition on the highways, low-cost water transport and low-cost and safe pipeline transportation account for the bulk of freight traffic. Railways have been declining and suffered serious losses. The United States has since demolished its operating loss railways after the 1920s and has demolished its operations in 1989 Almost half of the remaining more than 200,000 km.