航海过失免责制度至今已发展了近百年。作为海商法中的一项重要制度,多年以来,国际海运中的航海过失免责条款一直饱受争议。本文回顾了航海过失免责的历史变迁和发展轨迹,通过对《海牙规则》、《海牙-维斯比规则》、《汉堡规则》和《鹿特丹规则》中航海过失免责条款不同规定的回顾,展开了对航海过失免责制度的存废一系列的讨论,比较分析航海过失免责制度存废的不同立场和理由。一、概述航海过失免责是海商法中一项特别的制度。从1893年美国《哈特法》的颁布开始,航海过失免责至今已经有一百多年的历 The system of exemption from navigation fault has been developed for nearly a hundred years. As an important system in maritime law, the exemption clause of maritime negligence in international maritime transport has been in dispute for many years. This paper reviews historical changes and development trajectories of exemption from negligence of maritime navigation. By reviewing the different provisions of the exemption provisions on maritime negligence in the Hague Rules, the Hague-Visby Rules, the Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules, A series of discussions on the abolition and abolition of exemption from navigation mistakes and comparative analysis of the different positions and reasons for the abolition and abolition of the exemption from navigation mistakes system. First, an overview of the exemption of navigation fault is a special maritime law system. From the promulgation of the United States Hartford Law in 1893, there has been over one hundred years of exemption from maritime negligence