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目的分析灌云县2010—2014年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价预防接种的安全性和AEFI监测系统运转情况。方法通过AEFI信息管理系统,收集灌云县2010—2014年报告的AEFI个案数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2010—2014年灌云县共报告AEFI 549例,报告发生率为34.47/10万剂。报告数居前3位的的疫苗分别是百白破(无细胞)234例(42.62%),发生率为95.67/10万剂;白破47例(8.56%),发生率为144.54/10万剂;b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)疫苗34例(6.19%),发生率为39.64/10万剂。男女性别比为1.42∶1;病例主要发生在≤2岁组人群,占65.03%;4—8月份报告病例最多,占59.93%。一般反应503例(皆为发热/红肿/硬结),占91.62%;异常反应46例,占8.38%,其中以过敏性皮疹最多,占异常反应的73.91%。75.23%的AEFI在接种后1 d发生;48 h内报告率及调查率为100%,未出现接种差错和疫苗质量事故。结论灌云县AEFI监测系统运转正常,但监测系统的敏感性仍需提高。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected immunization anomalies (AEFI) in Guanyun County from 2010 to 2014 and evaluate the safety of vaccination and the operation of AEFI monitoring system. Methods AEFI information management system was used to collect the data of AEFI reported by Guanyun County in 2010-2014 and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 549 AEFI cases were reported in Guanyun County from 2010 to 2014, with a reported incidence of 34.47 / 100 000 doses. The top three vaccines reported were daphnia (no cell), 234 (42.62%), and 95.67 / 10 million doses respectively; 47 (8.56%) were white thromboembolic, with an incidence of 144.54 / 100 000 34 cases (6.19%) of the Hib vaccine of type b were infected with the incidence of 39.64 / 10 million doses. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.42:1. The cases mainly occurred in the crowd of ≤2 years of age, accounting for 65.03%. The most cases were reported in April-August, accounting for 59.93%. The general reaction of 503 cases (all fever / redness / induration), accounting for 91.62%; 46 cases of abnormal reaction, accounting for 8.38%, of which the most allergic rash, accounting for 73.91% of the abnormal reaction. 75.23% of AEFI occurred on the first day after inoculation; the report rate and the rate of investigation within 48 hours were 100%, no vaccination error and vaccine quality accident occurred. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in Guanyun County is operating normally, but the sensitivity of the monitoring system still needs to be improved.