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在一九八一年开始的我国语法学界关于汉语析句问题讨论中,笔者提出了“句结构成分分析法”这一方法,写了几篇文章从不同方面论述,《汉语句法分析问题》(下简称《句法》)一文,较全面地谈了笔者对汉语句法分析的看法。本文想再谈谈汉语词法——词类划分问题。 1953——1954年我国语法界就词类划分问题进行过大规模的讨论。尔后,关于这个问题的论著少见了。近年出版、再版的几套《现代汉语》教材,均谈到词类划分标准。它们所主张的大致是1953——1954年那次讨论成果的反映,这些标准当时均提了出来;同时也是那次讨论所争议的问题的继续,如一个标准和多个标准问题。而关于这个问题,当时吕叔湘先生在《关于语法词类的一些原则性问题》(以下简称《问题》)一书中表示过明确的意见:“按照一般的分类原则,一次只能用一个标准,……如果同时应用两个标准,这两个标准就有打架的可能。”
In the discussion of the Chinese parsing problem started in 1981 in our country, the author put forward the method of “sentence structural component analysis”, wrote a few articles from different aspects, “Chinese Parsing Problem” ( Under the abbreviation “syntax”) a text, a more comprehensive talk about the author’s view of Chinese syntax analysis. This article would like to talk about Chinese lexical - part of speech classification. 1953 - 1954 Chinese grammar community on the classification of parts of the speech had a large-scale discussion. Later, the treatise on this issue is rare. In recent years, several sets of “Modern Chinese” textbooks, published and reprinted, refer to the classification of parts of speech. What they advocate is roughly a reflection of the outcome of the discussions of 1953-1954, which were all raised at the time; they are also the continuation of the issues under debate in that discussion, such as one standard and many standard ones. As for this question, Mr. Lu Shuxiang expressed his clear opinion in his book “Some Principles Concerning Grammatical Parts of Speech” (“Questions”): “According to the general principle of classification, only one standard can be used at a time, ... ... If two standards are applied at the same time, there is a chance that both standards will fight. ”