本文较细致地考察了张謇与孙云锦、吴长庆、李鸿章这三个淮系重要人物的关系 ,指出张謇所以能从淮系幕僚到帝党中坚 ,从状元郎到实业家 ,与他本人早期的曲折经历和人际遇合有着很大关系。对张謇早期生涯和思想轨迹的研究 ,提供了有益的探讨 This paper examines the relationship between Zhang Jian and Sun Yunjin, Wu Changqing and Li Hongzhang, and points out that Zhang Xuan can go from his avant-garde officials to the backbone of the Reich and from his early career to his early career Experience and interpersonal encounters have a great relationship. The research on Zhang Jian’s early career and thought trajectory provides a useful discussion